2 Timothy 1

Greeting

1 Paul, an apostleApostle: ἀπόστολος (Apostolos). The Greek apostolos (ἀπόστολος) means apostle or sent one—an authorized messenger. The twelve apostles were chosen by Christ and empowered as His witnesses, laying the foundation of the church (Ephesians 2:20). of Jesus Christ by the will of God, according to the promise of life which is in Christ Jesus, Covenant: Hebrews 9:15. References Jesus: John 17:3, 2 Corinthians 1:1. Parallel theme: John 10:28

2 To Timothy, my dearly beloved son: Grace, mercyMercy: ἔλεος (Eleos). The Greek eleos (ἔλεος) denotes compassionate mercy—pity for those in distress. God is 'rich in mercy' (Ephesians 2:4), withholding deserved punishment and granting undeserved kindness., and peace, from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Lord. Grace: 2 Timothy 2:1, 1 Timothy 1:2. Parallel theme: Acts 16:1

Thanksgiving and Encouragement

3 I thank God, whom I serve from my forefathers with pure conscience, that without ceasing I have remembrance of thee in my prayers night and day; References God: Acts 22:3, 23:1, 24:14, 24:16. Parallel theme: 2 Timothy 3:15, 1 Timothy 1:5, 1:19, Hebrews 13:8 +3

4 Greatly desiring to see thee, being mindful of thy tears, that I may be filled with joy; Parallel theme: 2 Timothy 4:9, 4:21, Philippians 1:8

5 When I call to remembrance the unfeigned faithFaith: πίστις (Pistis). The Greek pistis (πίστις) denotes faith, belief, or trust—confidence in God's character and promises. It's both intellectual assent and relational trust, central to justification (Romans 5:1). that is in thee, which dwelt first in thy grandmother Lois, and thy mother Eunice; and I am persuaded that in thee also. Faith: Acts 16:1, 1 Timothy 1:5, 4:6. Parallel theme: Psalms 86:16, 116:16, Romans 4:21, 8:38, 15:14, 2 Corinthians 6:6, Hebrews 6:9 +5

6 Wherefore I put thee in remembrance that thou stir up the gift of GodGod: Θεός (Theos). The Greek Theos (Θεός) refers to deity, used both for the one true God and false gods. Context determines whether it denotes the Father specifically or the Godhead generally., which is in thee by the putting on of my hands. Parallel theme: 2 Timothy 4:2, Exodus 35:26, 36:2, Luke 19:13, Acts 19:6, 1 Thessalonians 5:19, 1 Timothy 4:6, 4:14, 2 Peter 1:12, 3:1 +5

7 For God hath not given us the spiritSpirit: πνεῦμα (Pneuma). The Greek pneuma (πνεῦμα) means spirit, wind, or breath—the immaterial aspect of persons. The Holy Spirit (Pneuma Hagion) is the third person of the Trinity, dwelling in believers. of fear; but of power, and of love, and of a sound mind. Spirit: Zechariah 4:6, Acts 1:8, Romans 8:15. Love: Romans 5:5, Galatians 5:22, 1 John 4:18. Parallel theme: Proverbs 2:7, 8:14, Luke 10:19, John 14:27 +5

Not Ashamed of the Gospel

8 Be not thou therefore ashamed of the testimony of our LordLord: Κύριος (Kurios). The Greek Kurios (Κύριος) means 'lord' or 'master,' used both for human masters and divinely for God the Father and Jesus Christ. Its application to Jesus affirms His deity, as it translates YHWH in the Septuagint., nor of me his prisoner: but be thou partaker of the afflictions of the gospel according to the power of God; References God: 2 Timothy 2:9, Romans 1:16. References Lord: 2 Timothy 1:16, Ephesians 4:1. Witness: Revelation 12:11. Parallel theme: 2 Timothy 1:12, 4:5, Mark 8:38, Luke 9:26, Ephesians 3:1 +5

9 Who hath saved us, and called us with an holy calling, not according to our works, but according to his own purpose and graceGrace: χάρις (Charis). The Greek charis (χάρις) denotes unmerited divine favor—God's kindness toward the undeserving. Salvation is 'by grace through faith' (Ephesians 2:8), not human merit., which was given us in Christ Jesus before the world began, References Jesus: Romans 16:25. Holy: Hebrews 3:1, 1 Peter 2:9. Parallel theme: John 17:9, 17:24, Romans 9:11, Ephesians 1:11, Titus 1:2, 1 Peter 1:20, Revelation 13:8 +5

10 But is now made manifest by the appearing of our Saviour Jesus Christ, who hath abolished death, and hath brought life and immortality to light through the gospelGospel: εὐαγγέλιον (Euangelion). The Greek euangelion (εὐαγγέλιον) means good news or gospel—the message of salvation through Christ's death and resurrection. It's 'the power of God unto salvation' (Romans 1:16).: Salvation: Titus 2:11, 2 Peter 3:18. References Jesus: 2 Timothy 1:1, John 14:6. Eternal Life: Romans 2:7, 1 John 1:2. Creation: Romans 16:26, Ephesians 1:9. Parallel theme: Hosea 13:14, 1 Corinthians 15:26 +5

11 Whereunto I am appointed a preacher, and an apostleApostle: ἀπόστολος (Apostolos). The Greek apostolos (ἀπόστολος) means apostle or sent one—an authorized messenger. The twelve apostles were chosen by Christ and empowered as His witnesses, laying the foundation of the church (Ephesians 2:20)., and a teacher of the Gentiles. Parallel theme: Acts 9:15, 1 Timothy 2:7

12 For the which cause I also suffer these things: nevertheless I am not ashamed: for I know whom I have believed, and am persuaded that he is able to keep that which I have committed unto him against that day. Faith: Psalms 25:2, Nahum 1:7, Romans 1:16, 1 Timothy 6:20, 1 Peter 4:19. Parallel theme: 2 Timothy 1:8, 4:8, Matthew 24:36, Hebrews 7:25, Jude 1:24 +5

13 Hold fast the form of sound words, which thou hast heard of me, in faith and loveLove: ἀγάπη (Agape). The Greek agape (ἀγάπη) denotes self-sacrificial, unconditional love—the highest form of love, characterizing God's nature (1 John 4:8) and the love Christians are called to demonstrate. which is in Christ Jesus. Faith: 2 Timothy 2:2, 1 Timothy 1:14, Titus 1:9, Jude 1:3. Word: Romans 2:20. Parallel theme: 2 Timothy 3:14, Romans 6:17, Philippians 4:9, Revelation 3:3, 3:11 +5

14 That good thing which was committed unto thee keep by the HolyHoly: ἅγιος (Hagios). The Greek hagios (ἅγιος) denotes holiness—moral purity and separation unto God. Believers are called 'saints' (hagioi), those set apart for God through Christ's sanctifying work. Ghost which dwelleth in us. Spirit: John 14:17, Romans 8:9, 8:13, 1 Corinthians 3:16, Ephesians 2:22, 5:18, 1 Thessalonians 5:19, 1 Peter 1:22. Parallel theme: 2 Timothy 1:12, 1 Timothy 6:20 +5

Examples of Faithfulness and Unfaithfulness

15 This thou knowest, that all they which are in Asia be turned away from me; of whom are Phygellus and Hermogenes. Parallel theme: 2 Timothy 4:16, Acts 19:10, Philippians 2:21

16 The LordLord: Κύριος (Kurios). The Greek Kurios (Κύριος) means 'lord' or 'master,' used both for human masters and divinely for God the Father and Jesus Christ. Its application to Jesus affirms His deity, as it translates YHWH in the Septuagint. give mercy unto the house of Onesiphorus; for he oft refreshed me, and was not ashamed of my chain: References Lord: Philemon 1:20. Grace: Nehemiah 13:22, Psalms 18:25, 37:26. Parallel theme: 2 Timothy 4:19, Acts 28:20, Ephesians 6:20, Philemon 1:7, Hebrews 6:10, 10:34 +5

17 But, when he was in Rome, he sought me out very diligently, and found me.

18 The Lord grant unto him that he may find mercyMercy: ἔλεος (Eleos). The Greek eleos (ἔλεος) denotes compassionate mercy—pity for those in distress. God is 'rich in mercy' (Ephesians 2:4), withholding deserved punishment and granting undeserved kindness. of the Lord in that day: and in how many things he ministered unto me at Ephesus, thou knowest very well. Grace: 2 Timothy 1:16. Parallel theme: 2 Timothy 1:12, 1 Timothy 1:3, Hebrews 6:10